Delay in claim of minimum wages can be condoned if there is sufficient cause. Proceedings under the ESI Act cannot be initiated when the company is under moratorium under IBC. Payment of Gratuity will override any settlement made under the ID Act. Industrial Tribunal cannot adjudicate on whether the contract is sham unless the reference was specifically made in that respect. The enquiry conducted by the ICC should be a full-fledged enquiry complying with the principles of natural justice. Basic liability under the ESI Act is on immediate employer even though principal employer has liability to recover and to pay contribution from immediate employer. Appropriate Government is not bound to grant opportunity of hearing to management before making a reference to Industrial Tribunal. Acceptance of partial back wages and notional regularization without contest precludes subsequent claims for full arrears. Wife of deceased husband is entitled to ESI benefits if there was nomination and cohabitation despite of being divorced. Compensation in lieu of reinstatement with back wages is proper when industrial dispute was raised after a long time. Transfer is an incidental happening in an employment which cannot be challenged even if the transferred employee faces difficulties. Employees employed through the contractor cannot seek reinstatement from the principal employer. When misconduct, especially theft, is established, Labour Courts should not reduce punishment under Section 11-A of the Industrial Disputes Act based solely on sympathy.