A non-banking financial company engaged in hire-purchase and financing activities is a "shop". Pending and future industrial disputes cannot be proceeded with or initiated in the absence of the industrial tribunals under the Industrial Relations Code, 2020. Evidence of genuine managerial powers such as the ability to sanction leave or impose discipline to prove that an employee is not "workman". No protection against illegal termination unless employer-employee relationship is established. Factory workers are excluded from the ambit of labour cess. There is no illegality in making student representatives a part of the IC when the sexual harassment complaint was made by a student. Even retired and retrenched employees can be office bearers of trade unions. Bonus payable to the employees is a statutory mandate irrespective of any specific demand made on the side of the employees. Provisions under the EPF Scheme pertaining to international workers are constitutional. A dispute of whether a person should or should not be admitted as a member of a trade union can be dealt with by the Civil Court. No belated application for claim of unpaid wages without giving reasons for delay. Medical Representatives, not being workmen, cannot raise industrial disputes. Workman can claim reinstatement only after producing details with respect to the employer-employee relationship and payment of wages.